Oil-burner



(No Model.)

C. R., HOOPES.

OIL BURNER.

No. 379,468. Patented Mar. 13, 1888.

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NITED STATES PATENT OIL-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,468, dated March 13, 1888.

Application filed June 16, v1E87.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLEMENT R. Hoorns, of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement in Oil-Burners, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to oil-burners; and it consists in certain improvements, all of which are fully set forth in the following speciiication and shown in theaccompanying drawings, which forni part thereof.

Heretofore it has been customary to forcel oilinto a furnace under pressure so as to spray it, forming a fine subdivision, and which was burned in conjunction with su perheated steam and air supplied under natural draft. Hot air has been used to spray the oil into the furnace by blowing itin simultaneously with the oil; but this method has only imperfectly accomplished its object, ou account of the weight of the oil, a large percentage of which falls to the bottom of the furnace before it has been consumed. It has also been proposed to burn subdivided oil in an atmosphere of water-gas- Oil-burners have also been constructed to vaporize the oil by direct application of the flame produced by the burner. All of these are more or less objectionable, in that they cause carbonaceous deposits in the pipes, are difficult to regulate, are complicated in construction, are wasteful of combustible material, and, as a rule, the temperatures attainable are inadequate to the requirement.

The object of my invention is to overcome in a great measure the above objections by providing an apparatus of simple construction, and yet capable of producing a most intense heat from a minimum quantity of oil.

In carrying out my invention I provide the furnace with a suitable oil-supply pipe leadingfrom an oil reservoir ortank and furnished with a regulating-valve to control its flow. The supply-pipe is led through a hot-air chamber which is provided with a blast-nozzle arranged close to or connecting with the oil-nozzle of the oil-supply. 'Ihe furnaceis provided with heaterfpipes for the air, through which air is forced under pressure by a pressure. blower. The air is heated to several hundred degrees, and is forcibly passed through the hot-air chamber and out at the blast-nozzle.

Vburner connected thereto on line z z.

Serial No. 241.531. (No model.)

This highly-heated air while in the hotair chamber surrounds the oil-supply pipe, and thereby imparts to the oil also a highlyheated condition, causing it to be reduced to a more or less vaporized state, or one easily convertible intoa gas. The back-pressure on the oil Vprevents its expansion from forcing it hackward; hence it emerges from the nozzle in a forced blast, and is then Amet with the hot current of air, which instantly consumes it. If any oil emerges from the nozzle in the liquid condition, the hot blastinstantly dissipates it, thoroughly consuming it to the last degree. If desired, a regulated blast of hot air may be forced into the oilsupply pipes prior to emerg ing from the nozzles, to insure a more perfect combustion. There is little or no deposition in the furnace, and practice has shown that the pipes remain clear from deposits.

ln practice I prefer to use two sets of nozzles, but with one hotair chamber inclosing the two oil-supply pipes. vided with suitable means for internal examination to keep the parts in order.

It is evident that the air may be heated by an external source of heat; but I prefer to heat it in the same furnace to which the burner supplies its flame.

In the drawings, Figure lis a front sectional elevation of a furnace with my improved oil- Fg. 2 is a sectional plan View of same on line w x. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of the burner on line y y. Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the burner. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of same; and Fig. 6 is an elevation diagram showing the relative connection of the various parts making up the burner,exclusive of the furnace.

A is the furnace, and B is the floor thereof.

C is the burner, which enters the furnace at one end.

D D are two blocks against which the llame or the matters held in suspension and ejected from the burner are caused to strike,and thereby be directed at right angles into the body of the furnace. These blocks also act to spray any liquid substances which may be projected against them from the burners. I) are the outlets from the furnace for the products of oombustion. This form of heating-furnace, with The parts are pro-V lOO the exception of the two blocks D D, is subl stantially that which is commonly used for forging purposes.

H is an oil tank or reservoir from which the oil is fed by a pipe, I, provided with a regulating-valve, J. This pipe I branches at K, and each branch M is provided with a valve, L, to independently control the passage of the liquid oil into either of the said branch pipes M, which supply heated oil in a liquid or vaporized condition to the oil-nozzles N. These pipes M are surrounded by a hot-air chamber, F, which may be of any suitable construction, and preferably of sufficiently large diameter or crosssection that the hot air passing through it may completely surround the supply-pipes M. This chamber F is made essentially of two T-sections united together, forming the horizontal tubular part F at the bottom. The pipes M are arranged near the sides of the chamber F, and extend horizontally through the nozzle end of the tubular portion F. The horizontal part of the hotair chamber is pro vided with two blast nozzles, G, arranged around the oil-pipes M and extending out in line with the oilnozzles N, so as to supply the necessary heated air right at the place where the hot oil or vapor emerges, and thereby thoroughly consume every particle thereof. The oil-pipe M terminates in a nozzle, N, and comes close to the Lipper part oi' the blastnozzle G, whereby any oil which may be dropped or tend to drop from the nozzle will be immediately acted upon by a strong blast of hot air which immediately dissipates and vaporizes the said oil, placing it in such a condition that it is readily and quickly con- Ysumed.

The blast-nozzles G, with the inclosed oilnozzles N, are preferably arranged in the sa me horizontal plane, but separated a distance sufficient to allow the insertion of a removable plug or cleaning-cap, f, between them, which forms an entrance to the part F of the air-chamber. The other end of this air-chamber is also provided with a screw-plug or removable cap, whereby a clear passage may be made entirely through the chamber for cleaning purposes. The upper end of the chamber F between the branching pipes M may also be provided with similar screw plug or cap for cleaning purposes.

E is a heater, of any suitable construction, preferably formed of a series of coiled pipes arranged in the upper part of the furnace A, and through which airis forced by a pressureblower, e. The air in passing through the coil E is intensely heated, and is then conveyed by a pipe, E', into the upper part of the chamber F, and, after circulating around the oil-pipes M, it finds egress through the nozzles G. By this means it is seen that the hot air performs the double duty of heating the oil and then burning the same in a hot atmosphere of air.

It is evident that any number of pairs of nozzles may be used in place ofthe two shown; or, if desired, a single pair of nozzles, N and G, may be used. It is also evident that the heater E may be of any suitable construction, provided it will impart the requisite tempera ture to the air, and it might be heated by an external re as far as the invention is concerned. I therefore do not limit myself to the details here shown, as they may be modified in various ways without departing from myl invention.

The oil-pipes may have suitable removable plugs, lc, at the ends of the bends, whereby the interior of said pipe may be cleansed from time to time, if so desired.

The heated or vaporized oil in the pipes M may be mixed with more or less hot air prior to emerging from nozzle N, to more perfectly insure the combustion of the oil,and to do this I provide the pipes P P, which communicate with the hot-air chamber F and extend down and unite with the pipes M in the rear of the nozzles, and these pipes P are provided with valves p, to regulate the supply of hot air. By opening the valves p l'ully the nozzles N may be blown clear of any collections in the way of dirt or accumulations, if such should accidentally occur. The various pipes may be straight or bent, as desired or circumstances require. y

It is desirable that the entrance to the furnace about the nozzles or burner should be made air-tight to prevent disturbing influences by the natural draft of air which would result. The only desired airsupply should be through the nozzles.

Having now described myinvention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

'1. In an oil-burner, the combination of an oil-supply pipe terminating in anozzle, a valve to regulate the supply of oil to said pipe, an inclosing hot-air chamber through which the supply-pipe passes, means to force hot air through the chamber to heat the oil, and a heater to heat the air prior to its entering the chamber.

ICO

IIO

2. In an oil-burner, the combination of an I oil-supply pipe terminating in a nozzle, a valve to regulate the supply of oil to said pipe, an inclosing hot-air chamber through which the supply-pipe passes, means to force hot air through the chamber to heat the oil, a blast nozzle for hot air opening from the chamber close to the oil-nozzle, anda heater to heat the air prior to its entering the chamber.

3. The combination, of an oil-supply pipe, a hot-air chamber surrounding the Said pipe, a heater for the air connecting with said hotair chamber, a blast-nozzle opening from said chamber, andan oil-nozzle connecting with the oil-supply pipe and extending through the blast-nozzle and located in the upper part thereof.

4. The combination of an oil-supply pipe, a hot-air chamber surrounding the said pipe, a heater for the air connecting with said hotair chamber, a pressureblower to force the hot air through the hot-air chamber, a blastnozzle opening from said chamber, and an oilthrough the chamber to heat the oil,`a heater to heat the air prior to its entering the chamber, and a Vpressurelolower to force the hot air through the hot-air chamber and out of the nozzle.

6. 'Ihe combination of an oil-supply tank or vessel, branching supply-pipes leading therefrom, ahot-air chamber surrounding said branching pipes, an oil-nozzle opening from the end of said branching oil-pipes, hot-blast nozzles opening from the hot-air chamber in close proximity to the oil-nozzles,independent valves to regulate the liow of the oil to each of the branch pipes, a heater to heat the air prior to passing through the heater, and a blower to cause a forced circulation of hot air.

7. In an oil-burner, the combination of an oilsupply pipe terminating in a nozzle, a valve to lregulate the supply of oil to said pipe, an inclosing hot-air chamber through which the supply-pipe passes, means to force hot air through the chamber to heat the oil, a heater to heat the air prior to its entering the chamber, removable plugs or covers to the oilsupply pipe and hot-air chamber for cleaning purposes.

8. The combination of the hot-air chamber F F', having the nozzle G at one end, oil-sup.- ply pipe M,having valve L, and nozzle N,open ing through the air-nozzle G, and hot-blast supply-pipe E',opening into the hot-air chamber at the other end from nozzle G.

9. The combination of an oil-supply tank or vessel, branching supply pipes leading therefrom, a hot-air chamber surrounding said branching pipes, an oil-nozzle opening from the end of said branching oil-pipes, hot-blast nozzles opening from the hotvair chamber in close proximity1 to the oilnozzles,independent valves to regulate the liow of the oil to each of the branch pipes, a heater to heat the air prior to passing through the heater, a blower to cause a forced circulation of hot air, a furnace, A, having the blocks D D,against which the flame impinges, and acting as the support for the heater for the air.

10. In an oil-burner, the combination of an oil-supply pipe terminating in a nozzle, a valve to regulate the supply of oil to said pipe, an`

inclosing hot-air chamber through which the supply pipe passes, means to force hot air through the chamber to heat the oil, a heater to heat the air prior to its entering the chamber, and a hot-air pipe to supply'hot air to the oil prior to passing out of the nozzle.

11. In an oil-burner, the combination of an oil-supply pipe terminating in a nozzle, a valve to regulate the supply of oil to said pipe, an inclosing hotair chamber through which the supply-pipe passes, means to force hot air through the chamber to heat the oil, and a heater to heat the air prior to its entering the chambeua hot-air pipe to supply hot air to the oil prior to passing out of the nozzle, and a valve to regulate the supply of air to the oil. y

12. In an oil-burner, the combination of an oil -supply pipe terminating in 'a nozzle, a valve to regulate the supply of oil to said pipe, an inclosing hot-air chamber through which the supply-pipe passes, means to force hot air through the chamber to heat the oil, a heater to heat the air prior to its entering the chamber, a pressureblower to force the hot air through the hot-air chamber and out of the nozzle, a hot-air pipe to supply hot air to the oil prior to passing out of the nozzle, and a valve to regulate the supply of air to the oil.

13. The combination of an oil-nozzle, a pipe 'to supply hot air under pressure to the oil before passing through the nozzle, and a hotblast nozzle exterior to but arranged close to the oil-nozz1e.

In testimony of which invention I hereunto set my hand. i

CLEMENT R. HOOPES.

Witnesses:

R. M. HUNTER, RIoHD. S. CHILD, Jr. 

